Learn about solar simulator classifications for photovoltaic testing. Understand A, B, C, and A+ ratings based on spectral match, spatial uniformity, and temporal stability according to IEC, ASTM, and JIS standards.

Learn how LBIC (Light Beam Induced Current) maps solar cell performance, detects defects, and helps researchers and manufacturers optimize efficiency and stability.

Learn the fundamentals of meniscus coating, where surface tension, substrate compatibility, and ink supply determine film uniformity.

Learn how the four quadrants of SMU operation enable sourcing and sinking of current and voltage for battery, semiconductor, and solar cell testing.

Learn everything about solar simulators, how they reproduce sunlight in labs, types of light sources, standards, and applications in photovoltaics and research.

Learn how air knives and gas quenching improve perovskite solar cell efficiency, stability, and scalability in roll-to-roll processing.

Transdermal patches explained: Learn how slot-die coating enables precise, uniform drug delivery systems, accelerates development, and improves patient safety.

Discover how perovskite solar cells are revolutionizing solar energy with their tunable structure, lightweight design, and high efficiencies.

Explore full-width, lane, and intermittent slot-die coating methods, design challenges, and industrial applications.

Learn how slot-die coating is used to create precise, uniform layers in thin-film battery manufacturing. Discover techniques, materials, drying methods, and troubleshooting tips for lithium-ion and solid-state batteries.

Learn the key differences between roll-to-roll (R2R) and sheet coating techniques. Discover their advantages, challenges, and ideal applications to choose the right coating method for your lab or production needs.

Explore solution-based deposition techniques for printed solar cells, including spin coating, slot-die coating, inkjet, and screen printing. Learn how these methods enable scalable, cost-effective production for perovskite and organic solar technologies.

Discover how rheology and wetting behavior influence slot die coating performance. Learn how viscosity, surface tension, and viscoelasticity can be optimized to reduce defects and achieve uniform, high-quality coatings.

Discover the benefits, working mechanism, and formulation of fast dissolving oral thin films (OTFs) and learn how slot-die coating enables scalable, precise drug delivery solutions for modern pharmaceuticals

Discover how lab-scale slot-die coating improves pharmaceutical and medical device development through precise, uniform coatings for testing and prototyping.

Discover how pristine clean surface coating eliminates defects by applying functional layers onto untouched substrates. Ideal for medtech, solar cells, OLEDs, and advanced electronics.

Discover how lab-scale roll-to-roll processing supports battery innovation, enabling scalable production, reducing development risks, and speeding up time to market.

Drying is a critical step in roll-to-roll (R2R) processing, ensuring the stability and performance of thin films. This article compares convection and infrared (IR) ovens, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and best use cases for efficient and high-quality drying.